Sunday, April 20, 2014

20 - The Many Varieties of Music from Around the World (2 of 2)


This is the second of two parts covering music from around the world.

Things to Consider
  • Where Western influences are apparent and not apparent
  • The common instruments and instrumental ensembles in these regions
  • Typical use of rhythms and rhythm patterns
  • Use of harmony, scales and aesthetic values
  • Melodic content: simple or complex
Classical Music of India
  1. Classical Music
    1. Highly developed
    2. Memorized
    3. Melodic (not based on western concept of harmony)
    4. Improvisatory sections
    5. Virtuosic and sensitive
  2. Terms (genrés)
    1. Rasa
    2. Raga
    3. Tala
    4. Guru
  3. Hindustani Instruments
    1. Sitar
    2. Sarod
    3. Tabla
    4. Tambura
  4. Karnatic Instruments
    1. Vina
    2. Mridangam
    3. Sarangi
Popular Music of India
  1. Disseminated digitally, formerly by cassette tape
  2. Music often pirated
  3. Influenced by Western Jazz and Rock styles
  4. Music often lip-synched in “Bollywood” musicals
  5. Ravi Shankar - famous performer on Sitar
    1. Indian daughter and sitar player,
    2. American daughter, Norah Jones, singer-songwriter, pianist and actress
Music in Japan
  1. Traditional Japanese Music
    1. Often Theatrical
    2. Regional Variety
    3. Goal:  Maximum Effect from Minimum Resources
  2. Styles
    1. Gagaku (orchestral)
    2. Kabuki (royal melodrama)
  3. Instruments
    1. Koto
    2. Shakuhachi
    3. Shamisen
  4. Western Styles Prominent
    1. Taught in Music Schools
      1. Classical
      2. Jazz
      3. Latin
    2. Performed Frequently
Music in Sub-Saharan Africa
  1. Usually Found with Other Arts
    1. Dancing
    2. Costumes
    3. Sculpture 
    4. Crafts 
    5. Drama
  2. Functions
    1. Religious
    2. Social Activities
    3. Entertainment
    4. Ceremonies
  3. Instruments
    1. Drums
    2. Rattles
    3. Fiddles
    4. Musical Bows
    5. Xylophones
    6. Mbiras (Thumb Piano)
    7. Trumpets
    8. Flutes
  4. Popular Music
    1. Famous Styles
      1. Highlife
      2. Juju
      3. Afro-Beat
    2. Influenced by Western Popular Music
    3. Famous Artists
      1. Babatunde Olatunji
      2. Youssou N’Dour
      3. King Sunny Adé
      4. Ladysmith Black Mambazo
Traditional Music of Eastern Europe
  1. Influences
    1. Byzantine chants
    2. Mongolian pentatonic modes
    3. Islamic rhythms/textures
  2. Western European musical language

  3. Threats to Traditional Music
    1. Shift to industrialization
    2. Government control of culture
    3. Changes in national/regional boundaries
    4. Ethnic population shifts
Music of Indonesia
  1. Gamelan instrument
    1. Gongs
    2. Drums
    3. Metal “Xylophones”
  2. Often with poetry, drama or dance
  3. Non-Western Scale
  4. Found in many American Universities
  5. Popular Music
    1. Kroncong
      1. “The Old Style”
      2. From film
      3. Patriotic
      4. Respectable
    2. Dangdut
      1. Youth music
      2. Mostly poor people
    3. Influences
      1. Indian Music
      2. Kroncong
      3. Western Pop
Jewish Music
  1. American Jewish Composers
    1. Irving Berlin
    2. George Gershwin
    3. Aaron Copland
    4. Leonard Bernstein

  2. Klezmer Music
    1. Popular, upbeat
    2. Small Band - clarinet, accordion, upright bass
    3. Used in plays and at celebrations
    4. Jewish tunes
    5. Yiddish folk songs
    6. Gentile music
Celtic Music
  1. Artists
  2. Altan
  3. Clannad
  4. Solas
  5. The Chieftains
In Summary
  • Is there (or can there be) a style of music that excludes any of these elements (these elements help determine the genré?
    • Melody
    • Harmony
    • Rhythm
    • Texture
    • Form
Prof. Songer
JCTC - Downtown
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